Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence makes quitting difficult despite a desire to stop. Medical support significantly improves quit rates.
Symptoms
Strong cravings, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, increased appetite, and restlessness.
Causes and risk
Early initiation, genetics, stress, co-occurring mental health conditions, and social exposure.
How it is evaluated
Use history, prior quit attempts, triggers, and motivation level.
Treatment
Counseling combined with varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine replacement therapy.